Fluoride causes low IQ?
evidence based medicine Adrian Cois evidence based medicine Adrian Cois

Fluoride causes low IQ?

A 2025 JAMA Pediatrics paper linked fluoride to lower IQ in kids, and the headlines ran wild. Dr Cois, an ER physician, reads the actual study — PICO, results, and the cherry-picking tactic that weaponized it. You’ll learn where the signal is real, where it vanishes, and what to tell worried patients.

Read More
The Paper That Made Me Rename Normal Saline
Adrian Cois Adrian Cois

The Paper That Made Me Rename Normal Saline

In the SALT-ED trial of 13,347 noncritically ill adults receiving IV fluids in the emergency department, balanced crystalloids (mainly lactated Ringer's) reduced major adverse kidney events at 30 days compared with normal saline (4.7% vs 5.6%; adjusted OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.70–0.95, P=0.01). There was no difference in hospital-free days. The proposed mechanism is the supraphysiologic chloride load in saline, which causes hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.

Read More
What Actually Happens When You Come to the ER with Chest Pain
Adrian Cois Adrian Cois

What Actually Happens When You Come to the ER with Chest Pain

When you arrive at the Emergency Department with chest pain, your doctor evaluates three main body systems: the heart, the lungs, and the gastrointestinal tract. The first tests are typically an ECG and bloodwork (including troponin), often followed by a chest X-ray. If a heart attack is suspected, you may be sent directly to the cath lab. Additional imaging — such as a CT angiogram — is reserved for higher-risk presentations like suspected pulmonary embolism or aortic dissection.

Read More
Fluoride causes low IQ?
Adrian Cois Adrian Cois

Fluoride causes low IQ?

Do we really need to be worried about fluoride in the water in Australia or the US causing reduced IQ?

Read More